Definition:
Ankle sprains are among the most frequently treated conditions in our office. Whether caused by a misstep, uneven terrain, or physical activity, an ankle sprain is a common injury. By definition, an ankle sprain involves damage to the ligaments, which may range from overstretching to partial rupture or complete tear. This injury often leads to ankle joint instability, which can increase the risk of future sprains and weakness. Typically, ankle sprains affect either the inner or outer parts of the ankle, with outer ankle sprains being more common due to the weaker structural support and greater susceptibility to injury. Common symptoms include acute pain, swelling, bruising or discoloration, reduced motion, and difficulty bearing weight. A comprehensive examination by a foot specialist is essential to rule out other issues such as fractures, tendon ruptures, or dislocations.
Cause:
Ankle sprains occur when excessive force or strain is applied to the ligaments, causing them to stretch, partially tear, or rupture. The ankle joint has a limited range of motion, and when pushed beyond its limits, it often results in ligament damage rather than bone fractures, though fractures can occur in some cases. Pain is a key symptom, with weight-bearing often becoming extremely painful. Severe instability when attempting to bear weight generally indicates a more severe injury. A specialist’s evaluation will help determine the extent of the injury, the likely cause, and the potential for recovery.
Treatment:
The treatment for an ankle sprain depends on how soon after the injury it is addressed. For acute injuries seen within hours to a few days, the initial approach involves assessing the injury and managing soft tissue swelling. This includes immobilizing the affected area to limit movement, and applying rest, elevation, ice, and compression to alleviate pain. Physical therapy and rehabilitation are used to restore stability and strength to the ankle joint. Orthotics may be employed to support the foot and ankle and control abnormal motion. In cases of chronic instability or frequent sprains, surgery may be considered to reinforce the ankle ligaments.
