What is it?
Cellulitis is an infection of the soft tissues, distinct from osteomyelitis, which affects the bone. When cellulitis occurs in the foot or lower leg, it typically presents as redness, warmth, swelling, and tenderness. A hallmark sign is “red streaking” extending up the foot or leg. Individuals with compromised or weakened immune systems are more prone to cellulitis. This condition can be quite painful and disabling. If not treated promptly and aggressively, the infection may spread through surrounding tissues, requiring more intensive treatment.
What causes it?
Cellulitis can arise from various factors. The most common cause in the lower extremity is the bacterium Streptococcus. In diabetics, mixed infections involving multiple organisms are often observed. Some individuals are more prone to recurrent cellulitis, with their lymph nodes potentially becoming scarred and reactive to stress or trauma. Small skin breaks, ulcers, or infected toenails can trigger cellulitis, and poor hygiene or diabetes mellitus can increase susceptibility.
How do you treat them?
Treatment for cellulitis generally involves antibiotics tailored to the specific organism causing the infection. In cases where the infection is spreading rapidly or is not localized, intravenous antibiotics may be required. If an abscess is present, it needs to be drained to allow antibiotics to reach the infected area effectively. Managing pain and swelling through elevation of the affected foot or leg is crucial. Regular monitoring by both patient and doctor is essential, especially for those with foot ulcers or skin breaks, to prevent the infection from spreading.
