What is it?
Diabetes is a widespread disorder that impairs the body’s ability to transport sugar from the blood into the cells. This condition, known as diabetes mellitus, occurs when the body cannot produce or effectively use insulin, a hormone essential for regulating blood sugar levels. People with diabetes often experience symptoms such as persistent thirst, hunger, and frequent urination. The disease can lead to circulatory issues, resulting in foot pain and other complications. If left untreated, diabetes can cause severe health problems, including damage to the kidneys, eyes, nerves, and blood vessels, and can sometimes be fatal.
What causes it?
Several factors contribute to the development of diabetes mellitus. A family history of diabetes significantly increases the risk of developing the disorder. Obesity also raises the likelihood, as excess weight exacerbates blood sugar issues. Type II diabetes (non-insulin dependent) is more common with aging, while Type I diabetes (insulin dependent) typically affects younger individuals. Additionally, African Americans and Hispanics are at higher risk. If you have any of these risk factors, consulting with your family doctor is advisable.
How do you treat it?
Effective management of diabetes mellitus requires patient cooperation and adherence to a treatment plan. Patients must follow a strict diet and consistently take prescribed medications to control the disease. Some may need insulin injections, while others may use oral medications. Daily blood sugar monitoring is crucial for assessing control and making necessary adjustments. Regular visits to a foot specialist are also important, as diabetics are prone to foot problems that can lead to complications if not monitored properly. Active participation in managing the disease is vital for maintaining health.
Diabetic Periodic Care
Ongoing evaluation and management are crucial for diabetic patients due to their increased risk of impaired circulation, reduced sensation, and complications such as infections and ulcers. Regular check-ups help in preventing and addressing diabetic complications, particularly in the lower legs and feet.
Periodic care can range from routine foot examinations to addressing issues like diabetic arthropathy (arthritis), peripheral neuropathy (loss of sensation), vascular complications, and ulcerations. A podiatrist will assess blood supply and sensation in the feet, as a decrease in either can lead to infections and more serious problems. Often, the podiatrist will collaborate with other medical specialists for comprehensive management.
Routine foot care is essential for diabetics. Proper nail trimming is necessary to prevent ingrown nails and infections, as diabetics have a reduced ability to combat infections. The skin on diabetic patients’ feet is thinner and more prone to injury, making callus reduction important to alleviate pressure on bony areas. Excessive callus buildup can lead to skin breakdown and ulcerations, which may become infected and require more intensive treatment.
