What are they?
A flat foot condition is characterized by a significant flattening or lowering of the longitudinal arch, causing the midsection of the foot to appear collapsed during standing or walking. This results in the foot rolling inward, making the inside of the foot come into contact with the ground. Individuals with flat feet often report quickly wearing out or damaging their shoes due to the altered foot position. Common issues associated with flat feet include fatigue, cramping, bunions, corns, calluses, shin splints, and heel pain. However, not all flat feet cause problems or require treatment. Pain is the primary indicator for seeking treatment. Congenital flat feet, present at birth, generally do not pose clinical issues, while those that develop over time might need further evaluation. Particular concern arises with feet that have a normal arch when not bearing weight but flatten significantly when standing, as these are prone to excessive pronation and often lead to clinical symptoms.
What causes them?
Flat feet can result from a variety of causes. Congenital flat feet, present from birth, may reflect developmental issues from embryonic stages. Acquired flat feet, which develop later in life, can be due to injuries, anatomical abnormalities, or various arthritic conditions. The most common and potentially problematic type is excessively pronated flat feet, which results from improper mechanics during walking and standing. This condition can lead to numerous secondary problems if not managed appropriately.
Treatment
Treating flat feet, particularly those with excessive pronation, often involves using prescribed orthotics or supportive devices for the foot and ankle. These help correct the inward rolling and provide necessary support during movement. Other less common treatments include shoe modifications, injections, oral anti-inflammatory medications, and physical therapy. If conservative methods fail and pain persists, surgery may be considered. A foot specialist will thoroughly evaluate the condition to determine its type, cause, and the most effective treatment plan.
