What is it?
Neuropathy is a condition that impacts the nerves throughout the body. Nerves are covered by a protective sheath, and when this sheath is damaged, the nerves don’t function properly. Patients with neuropathy may experience sensations such as tingling or “pins and needles,” signaling abnormal nerve function. As the condition progresses, patients may lose complete sensation in various body parts, with the hands and feet being most commonly affected. This loss of sensation can make daily activities challenging.
What causes it?
Neuropathy can be caused by various factors including diabetes, alcoholism, vitamin deficiencies, trauma, and certain medications. Diabetes mellitus is the most frequent cause, where high blood sugar levels damage the nerves, leading to pain or loss of sensation. If blood sugar levels remain poorly controlled, neuropathy can worsen and cause significant disability. Early diagnosis and treatment may sometimes reverse the condition, but long-term numbness can lead to irreversible damage. For patients with neuropathy, activities such as walking barefoot or soaking hands and feet can be risky. Monitoring water temperature before bathing is crucial to prevent accidental burns or injuries.
How is it treated?
Treating neuropathy can be challenging. While a doctor can address the symptoms associated with nerve damage, some types and stages of nerve damage may be permanent. Oral medications can help manage pain and other nerve-related symptoms, and newer treatments may restore partial feeling if the neuropathy is not too advanced. For advanced nerve damage, especially in the hands and feet, it is essential for patients to take preventive measures. Wearing shoes and socks consistently is crucial, and inspecting the bottoms of the feet and the inside of shoes before wearing them is necessary. Having a family member check water temperature before bathing can help avoid burns. Understanding and managing neuropathy effectively can significantly improve clinical outcomes.
